Although teaching, coaching, mentoring and counselling all share some key characteristics and skills, they are nonetheless quite different and it’s important to be aware of the differences.
Teaching and training involve an expert teacher who imparts knowledge to their students.
Although the best teachers will use participative and interactive techniques, like coaching, there is very definitely an imbalance of knowledge, with the teacher as expert knowing the ‘right answer’. Coaching involves the belief that the individual has the answers to their own problems within them.
The coach is not a subject expert, but rather is focused on helping the individual to unlock their own potential. The focus is very much on the individual and what is inside their head.
A coach is not necessarily a designated individual : anyone can take a coaching approach with others, whether peers, subordinates or superiors.
‘Coaching’ is one of the essential leadership styles identified by Daniel Goleman .
The key skill of coaching is asking the right questions to help the individual work through their own issue.
Mentoring
is similar to coaching. There is general agreement that a mentor is a guide who helps someone to learn or develop faster than they might do alone.
In the workplace mentors are often formally designated as such by mutual agreement, and outside of an individual’s line management chain.
They usually have considerable experience and expertise in the individual’s line of business.
A mentoring relationship usually focuses on the future, career development, and broadening an individual’s horizons, unlike coaching which tends to focus more on the here and now and solving immediate problems or issues.
Counselling is closer to a therapeutic intervention. It focuses on the past, helping the individual to overcome barriers and issues from their past and move on. Here, the focus may be either internal or external.